A few minutes ago on one of my Facebook hydrocephalus support groups, we had a mom ask about recovery after shunt implant surgery. Her infant son was several days post surgery and, while his incision was healing well, the group was concerned about abnormal swelling around the incision site. Being the group's resident "egg-head" (pun intended) I sprang into action to find the answers to her questions. This blog is the results of my research.
What is a VP shunt?
A ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt is used to remove excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the skull of patients suffering from Hydrocephalus. It is so named because the distal end of the shunt is placed in the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen where it empties and the CSF is reabsorbed by the body.
How is the implant done?
Surgical implant of a VP shunt requires the neurosurgeon to make one (1) burr (drill) hole and two (2) incisions: a hole is drilled (burred) using a surgical drill behind the patient's ear to place the proximal end of the shunt into the affected ventricle of the patient's brain, one incision is made into the neck to aid in the placement of the tubing into the chest / abdomen area; and one incision is made in the patient's abdomen to receive the distal end of the shunt. Barring any unforeseen complications, the procedure usually takes about (italics added) 1.5 hours.
Are there risks associated with shunt implant surgery?
Simply put, as with any surgical procedure, there are risk involved. Generally, however, the benefits of shunt implant surgery out-weigh the risks. In addition to breathing issues, possible reaction to medication(s), and bleeding or blood clots, shunt implant surgery carries several unique risks: 1) Bleeding from the brain or blood clot(s); 2) Swelling of the brain; 3) Development of bowel perforation (a hole) following the surgery; 4) Leakage of CSF fluid under the skin; 5) Infection of the shunt, brain, or in the abdomen; 6) Damage to brain tissue; or 7) Seizures.
In order to prevent potential complications (and to facilitate faster healing) the patient might (italics added) be required to lie flat for the first 24-hours after the surgery. The duration of the post-operative hospital stay is dependent on why the shunt was originally needed. For example, a shunt being placed to try congenital hydrocephalus might not require as long of a hospital stay as one for a shunt placed to treat Acquired hydrocephalus which is caused by a traumatic brain injury (TBI) or an infection. The health care team will carefully monitor the situation.
My sources:
1) Ventriculo-peritoneal shunting (Medine.com)
2) What is a vetriculoperitoneal shunt? (Healthline.com)
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